Mariana trench: challenger deep, Deepest place in the world

MARIANA TRENCH

The Mariana Trench is located approximately 200 kilometers (124 mi) east of the island of Mariana in the western Pacific Ocean; It is the deepest sea moat on Earth. It is crescent shaped and has a length of approximately 2,550 km (1,580 mi) and a width of 69 km (43 mi). The maximum known depth is 10,984 m (36,037 ft) ([25 m [82 ft]) (6.825 mi (ca. 11 km)) known as Challenger Deep.

 

However, some inaccessible measurements place the deepest part of 11,034 meters (36,200.79 ft).

  By comparison: If Mount Everest were placed in a ditch at this point, its peak would still be more than two kilometers (1.2 mi (1.93 km)) underwater.

 

The water column at the bottom of the trench exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), which is 1,071 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water increases by 4.96%. The temperature below is 1 to 4°C (34 to 39 °C).

The Mariana Trench is named after the nearby Mariana Islands, named Las Mariana in honor of the Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria, widow of Philip IV of Spain).

The islands are part of the island arc on an over-riding plate called the Mariana Plate (also named for the islands) on the west side of the moat.

The first depth measurements in the Mariana Trench were made by the British survey ship HMS Challenger, which was used by the Royal Navy in 1875 to conduct research into the trench. The greatest depth he recorded at that time was 8,184 m (26,850 ft). 

In 1951, another Royal Navy vessel, nicknamed the "HMS Challenger," returned to the area for additional measurements. He discovered an even deeper location with a depth of 10,900 m (35,760 ft) determined by echo sounding. The Challenger Deep was named after the Royal Navy vessel that carried out these measurements.

 

In 2009, sonar mapping conducted by researchers aboard the RV Kilo Moana, run by the University of Hawaii, determined the depth to be 10,971 meters (35,994 ft), with a possible error of 22 meters. The most recent measurement, made in 2010, is a depth of 10,994 meters stated at the top of this article, as measured by the United States Coastal and Ocean Mapping Center.

 

Which country is closest to the Mariana Trench?

Japan

 

The Mariana trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is slightly east of the Mariana Islands. Guam is the closest island to the moat. The nearest country is Japan.

 

Why is the sea so deep here? 

The Mariana Trench is located on a convergent plate boundary. Here two plates of oceanic lithosphere collide. At this collision point, one of the plates descends into the mantle. At the line of contact between the two plates, the bottom forms a trough known as the ocean trench. An example of a sea moat is shown in the figure. Ocean trenches make up some of the deepest places in the Earth's oceans.

 

 How much of the sea has been discovered?

95 percent

The ocean occupies about 71 percent of the Earth's space, yet 95 percent of that ocean is completely obscure, although that number is a bit misleading. The entire sea level is mapped, but only to a resolution of 5 kilometers (3 mi).

 Who owns Mariana Trench?

Much of the Mariana Trench is now an American protected area as part of the Mariana Trench Maritime National Monument established by President George W. Bush in 2009. Permission for research into the memorial, including Sirina Deep, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

 Why is the Mariana Trench so dangerous?

The water pressure in the trench is about 1,000 times above sea level. The pressure is so high that it will crush almost any creature (or man-made object), unless that animal or vessel is specifically built to withstand its peak. This particular area of ​​the sea, then, is a bit inhumane.

 

 How do fish survive in the Mariana Trench?

Fish that live close to the ocean surface may have a swim bladder - a large organ in the air, which helps them float or drown down in the water. These bodies do not have air sacs in the body of deep sea fish, which means that they do not crush.

 

Has anyone gone to the deepest trough of the sea?

Dr. Kathy sullivan

68 years old Dr. Sullivan is the first person in the world to have kissed the heights of space and measured even the deepest points of the sea. Not only this, the former astronaut of the US Space Agency NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), Dr. Kathy Sullivan is the first American woman to walk in space. Now he has also touched Challenger Deep, 7 miles (11.27 km) down in the deepest Mariana Trench on Earth. Sullivan has done this with a logistics company named EYOS Expeditions. He was accompanied by explorer Victor El Vescovo. Both spent about an hour and a half on Challenger Deep. Then after about 4 hours, he returned to his ship and talked to the astronauts of the International Space Station about 254 miles up.

 


We sincerely hope that you have liked this article of ours. If you find any flaws in it or you want to give any suggestion, then you must comment below. Apart from this, do not forget to share any of your thoughts through a comment from us. Share this blog post as much as possible.